Aortic Stenosis in Golden Retrievers and Boxers: Monitoring, Management and Sudden Death Risk

Subvalvular aortic stenosis (SAS) is the most common congenital heart defect in dogs — a narrowing of the left ventricular outflow tract just below the aortic valve that increases the resistance to blood ejection from the heart. Golden Retrievers, Boxers, Newfoundlands, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds are among the breeds with the highest prevale...