Portosystemic Shunts in Yorkshire Terriers and Maltese: From Diagnosis to Surgery

A portosystemic shunt (PSS) is an abnormal blood vessel that allows blood from the intestines to bypass the liver and enter the systemic circulation directly. Normally, blood from the intestines passes through the liver first — the liver detoxifies ammonia, processes nutrients, and removes toxins before blood reaches the rest of the body. When a sh...